弥漫性桥脑胶质瘤 :临床特征、分子遗传学和新的靶向治疗(Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma : Clinical Features, Molecular Genetics, and Novel Targeted Therapeutics) 英文摘要: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (D...
弥漫性桥脑胶质瘤:临床特征、分子遗传学和新的靶向治疗(Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma : Clinical Features, Molecular Genetics, and Novel Targeted Therapeutics)
英文摘要:
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a deadly paediatric brain cancer. Transient response to radiation, ineffective chemotherapeutic agents and aggressive biology result in rapid progression of symptoms and a dismal prognosis. Increased availability of tumour tissue has enabled the identification of histone gene aberrations, genetic driver mutations and methylation changes, which have resulted in molecular and phenotypic subgrouping. However, many of the underlying mechanisms of DIPG oncogenesis remain unexplained. It is hoped that more representative in vitro and preclinical models-using both xenografted material and genetically engineered micewill enable the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents and strategies for targeted drug delivery.This review provides a clinical overview of DIPG, the barriers to progress in developing effective treatment, updates on drug development and preclinical models, and an introduction to new technologies aimed at enhancing drug delivery。
中文摘要:
弥漫性内源性桥脑胶质瘤(DIPG)是一种致命的儿科脑癌。对辐射的短暂反应、无效的化疗药物和侵袭性生物学导致症状迅速发展和预后不良。肿瘤组织可获得性的增加使组蛋白基因畸变、遗传驱动突变和甲基化变化的鉴定成为可能,从而导致了分子和表型亚分组。然而,DIPG肿瘤发生的许多潜在机制仍然无法解释。希望更有代表性的体外和临床前模型--使用异种移植材料和基因工程小鼠--将使开发新的化疗药物和靶向药物递送策略成为可能。本综述综述了DIPG的临床概况、发展合适治疗的障碍、药物开发和临床前模型的前沿进展,以及旨在提高药物递送的新技术。
弥漫性本征桥脑胶质瘤(DIPG)是一种以脑干浸润性肿瘤为特征的儿童高级别胶质瘤(pHGG)。dipg是一种组织学上的星形细胞瘤,发病高峰为6-9年(青少年和成人也可能受到影响),占全部儿科脑瘤的10-20%。低血糖是儿童脑瘤死亡的主要原因。中位总体生存期(OS)在8到12个月之间,OS在1岁时约为30%,2岁时为10%,5岁时低于1%。短的临床病史(<6个月)和典型的MRI表现相结合通常是诊断的。神经症状可以根据病变的范围和具体位置而有所不同,但超过50%的患者存在典型的颅神经缺损(面部不对称和复视)、小脑症状(共济失调、月经失调和构音障碍)和长束征(反射亢进,巴宾斯基反射,力量下降)。一个高度敏感的DIPG评估因子是儿童外展性麻痹的主要表现。在没有外生成分的情况下后伸引起梗阻性脑积水(<10%),通常未见颅内压升高。DIPG肿瘤可以沿着纤维束扩散到局部部位,如小脑和丘脑,但很少转移到远处。
INC国际神经外科医生集团旗下组织国际神经外科顾问团(WANG)成员、国际小儿神经外科教授James T. Rutka教授参与编写。Rutka教授于1990年在神经外科的外科部门任职,并从那时起一直在儿科神经外科的儿童医院的外科医生工作。Rutka教授的主要研究和临床兴趣涉及人类
脑肿瘤的科学和手术。他的实验室兴趣在于人类脑肿瘤的分子生物学 - 特别是在确定脑肿瘤生长和侵入的机制方面。
其实验室在研究脑肿瘤生长和侵袭的机制方面颇有成就,并在Sunnybrook健康科学中心和多伦多大学生物材料和生物医学工程研究所的合作下,正在设计一种基于纳米颗粒的输送系统,作为治疗胶质瘤的一种新方法。超声和对流技术的进步表明,在克服血脑针对合适靶向药物的长期障碍方面具有重要的前景。建立一个临床经过验证的增效药物输送系统,如MRgFUS,将使药物的再用途筛选和重新评估以前在临床试验中失败的药物。考虑到近年来其他肿瘤(如
髓母细胞瘤)在治疗上多年来也停滞不前的进展,人们对DIPG的前景重新燃起了希望。
纳米颗粒的输送系统
- 文章标题:弥漫性桥脑胶质瘤:临床特征、分子遗传学和新的靶向治疗
- 更新时间:2020-06-04 16:07:13
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